GIP
Also called: glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide
Clinical reviewer: Jacob Moore, MD · Last checked September 16, 2026
What is GIP?
GIP is a 42-amino-acid hormone released from intestinal K cells that stimulates insulin release after eating. It accounts for 60% to 80% of the after-meal insulin response and is one of the two incretin hormones, alongside GLP-1, targeted by dual-agonist drugs like tirzepatide.
What does GIP do in the body?
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is a 42-amino-acid hormone synthesized and released from intestinal K cells in response to eating glucose or fat [1]. It accounts for 60% to 80% of the after-meal insulin response, consistent with the view that it is the principal physiological incretin, and it plays a major role in how the body stores and uses nutrients [1].
How is GIP different in people with obesity or type 2 diabetes?
GIP is overexpressed in people with obesity, which researchers say may worsen the insulin resistance seen with type 2 diabetes by increasing nutrient uptake and storage in fat cells [1]. Yet combining GIP agonism with a GLP-1 analogue has shown benefit for treating obesity, through mechanisms not yet fully understood [1].
Why is GIP a drug target?
GIP is one of the two incretin hormones, and drug developers now target both its receptor and GLP-1's in a single molecule. Mounjaro (tirzepatide) is labeled as "a glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist" [2], making it a dual agonist rather than a GLP-1-only medication.
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This entry is for education and is not medical advice. Talk with a licensed clinician about your own situation before starting, stopping, or changing any treatment.
