GLP-1

How does GLP-1 work?

GLP-1 stands for glucagon-like peptide-1. Cells in the gut lining release it when food arrives. It prompts the pancreas to release insulin, suppresses glucagon, slows stomach emptying, and acts on the brain circuits that control appetite [1]. GLP-1 medications hit the same receptor at levels the natural hormone never reaches, which is why their effect on weight is so much larger [1].

Is GLP-1 the same as Ozempic or Wegovy?

No. GLP-1 is the hormone. Ozempic and Wegovy are brand names for semaglutide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist. Ozempic is FDA-approved for blood sugar control in type 2 diabetes [4]. Wegovy is approved, with diet and exercise, for weight reduction in adults and children 12 and older with obesity, and in adults with overweight plus a weight-related condition [3]. Both start at a low dose that is raised in steps, as prescribed.

What are the side effects of GLP-1 medications?

In STEP 1, nausea and diarrhea were the most common, mostly mild and short-lived [2]. The Wegovy label carries a boxed warning: semaglutide caused thyroid C-cell tumors in rodents, and it is contraindicated with a personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma or MEN 2. It also warns of pancreatitis, gallbladder disease, low blood sugar with insulin or sulfonylureas, kidney injury from dehydration, and severe gastrointestinal reactions [3].